Description of Collaborative Activity: |
We are performing a pilot study in the Golestan Cohort to compare exposure to different types of carcinogens (nicotine metabolites, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], tobacco-specific nitrosamines [TSNAs], and volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) and creatine in the urine of self-reported cigarette, chewing nass, water pipe, and opium users, and never users of these products. We also will examine the stability of these markers over time by taking advantage of repeated samples that were collected from a subset of participants. Results from the pilot study will then be used to evaluate the potential of future studies and evaluate their design. |
